KEANEKARAGAMAN UDANG AIR TAWAR DI KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN,
PROVINSI JAMBI
Lora Purnamasari dan Zikra
Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi
STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
Email. lorapurnamsari@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Udang air tawar yang bisa ditemukan di Indonesia terdiri atas suku Atyidae dan Palamonidae dari Ordo Decapoda. Faktor pembatas utama yang mempengaruhi keberadaan udang air tawar yaitu karakteritik habitat dan faktor lingkungan pada masing-masing tipe habitat. Provinsi Jambi memiliki hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah yang mengalami deforestrasi tercepat di daerah Asia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keanekaragaman udang air tawar dan faktor fisika dan kimia yang mendukung keberadaan udang air tawar di Kabupaten Sarolangun. Koleksi sampel dilakukan pada sungai-sungai yang terdapat pada kebun kelapa sawit, kebun karet, hutan rakyat dan hutan sekunder. Penentuan lokasi sampel secara purposive sampling yang dilanjutkan dengan road sampling. Identifikasi morfologi didapatkan 3 spesies udang air tawar, yaitu Macrobrachium malayanum, M. pilimanus, dan M. lanchesterii. Jumlah keanekaragaman dan kemerataan tertinggi pada habitat hutan sekunder (H’=0.699) dan hutan rakyat (E=0.609). faktor lingkungan mempengaruhi distribusi udang air tawar.
ABSTRACT
The freshwater shrimp can be found in Indonesia is consisted of families Atyidae dan Palamonidae of the order Decapoda. The presence of freshwater shrimp influenced habitat characteristics and enviromental quality in each habitat type. Jambi Province, including the areas with lowland tropical rainforest has the highest deforestation rate in the Asian region. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity freshwater shrimp and physical and chemical factors that support the existence of freshwater shrimp in Sarolangun regencies. The Sample collection is done on the rivers contained in oil palm plantation, rubber plantation, community forest, and secondary forest. The research location were chose purposively sampling and continued road sampling. The morphological identification revealed three spesies of freshwater shirmp, consisted of Macrobrachium malayanum, M. pilimanus, and M. lanchesterii. The freshwatershrimp diveristy and eveness high in the secondary forest (H’=0.699) and community forest (E=0.609). The enviromental factors affected the distribution of certain shrimp.
Keyword : diversity, shrimp freshwater, Macrobrachium
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